Lean Bodies Consulting

Disclaimer - apologies (only small ones) if this offends you.

It doesn’t take a rocket surgeon (yes surgeon :lol:) - or a smart contest prep coach for that matter - to get fat off someone if they starve them enough and get them to do enough cardio. How does that make a trainer … awesome? 14 hours of cardio a week? 21 hours of cardio a week? 1200 calories while doing that amount of cardio? This isn’t the program recommendations of a great trainer, IMO - it’s the program directions of someone who doesn’t know what they’re doing - who has one tool in his or her toolbox. Eventually everyone will get in shape if they eat few enough calories and do enough exercise for long enough. And people pay for this?

What? You’re not losing fat? Hmm, we’ll we’re already doing an hour of cardio a day. Let’s double it. Two hours a day now. We’ll also drop your calories to 9x BW too.

Two weeks later

Nothing? Alright then - 8x BW in calories and you get no carbs but vegetables and you get no fat either. And you only get nearly fat-free protein sources - egg whites and orange roughy for you. Wait, make it two-and-a-half hours of cardio a day. I also want you to do walking lunges - no weights - every day for 20 minutes - to spot reduce the fat off your glutes and legs of course.

Weight starts falling.

What? You’re hair is falling out? Suck it up, you’re a competitor. Hardcore!

Brilliant!

I’m sorry but you have to diet extremely hard and do hours upon hours upon more hours of cardio per week to lose what? You better be getting Biggest Loser results and dropping pounds of it each week. I mean, a pound of fat has a whopping 3500 calories. Unless you’re crawling on the treadmill and you have the math skills of a 2-year old (subsequently adding up your 2500 calories and thinking it’s 1000), then it’s NOT working very well now is it? A pound a week? (Because you know you’re not dropping 3lbs per week and you’re not even dropping 2/week if you’re pretty lean), then that’s not success. You have to do ALL THAT for a pound of fat? Come on now. Your body is broken if that’s what it takes. Actually let me correct that - that’s not what it takes. For anyone. Do you really consider that a winning formula? Because you might have “won”?

And another thing - those that don’t do their prep this way? Those that get in shape with sane dieting and sane amounts of cardio? They aren’t just genetically lucky. They work just as hard as you do. They just work smarter. There’s nothing special about you that deems it absolutely mandatory to do 7, 14, 21 hours of cardio per week to drop a small amount of fat per week. I mean, if a pound of fat is 3500 calories and you’re doing all that cardio and you’re dieting hard, don’t you think something might be a tad wrong there?

Get ready for your rebound. I have been saying this for quite a while now - those who do the most cardio in their preps are invariably always the ones with the most horrendous post-contest rebounds. And I think this is separate from the psychologically influenced rebound triggered by retardedly restrictive contest diets where you get only 5 foods. Of course, you’re going to start eating after that. Sheesh.

But the cardio? It’s almost as if it’s programming you for fat storage when the calories become available again. Whether it has to do with an efficiency phenomenon or something else entirely, the bottom line is that cardio junkies rebound terribly, more often than not. I don’t really care why it happens – just that it’s happening. There is far too much empirical evidence in contest circles to deny this.

Why do you think 30 minutes of cardio stops working and becomes 45 minutes? And 45 minutes per day becomes 60 minutes? And 60 minutes becomes 90 minutes? Something is happening there for you to have to be continuously adding more and more cardio. So what happens the next time you diet? Do you have to do even more? I know of competitors who return a previously successful contest prep program (successful meaning they got in shape) and it doesn’t work for them - nothing happens. Hmmm

The prep methods of many competitors are in my mind, nothing short of downright silly. It’s sad really - to see what some people believe they have to do in order to compete. And it’s not even the competitor’s fault - it’s the people they entrust themselves to. I can’t believe some of the stuff I’ve read. Boiling chicken breast in distilled water? What? People still do that? Cutting sodium a full week out? I’m sorry, but what the heck? Fish and vegetables 6x a day? 3 hours of cardio? A day? And it’s not like competitors are coming up with this stuff on their own - they’re being instructed to do this and they’re paying for it!!

And never mind how silly and just beyond explanation it is; it’s downright damaging. I can’t tell you how many competitors I’ve worked with now that have come from the above and my first order of business is getting their bodies responsive to diet and training again and correcting the damage done by their previous trainer. Many times over now.

Listen, being a hamster on a treadmill is not the only way to get in contest shape. Hamsters aren’t even cute.

There IS an easier way. No, not easy – as getting in contest shape will never be easy, but it’s easiER. And it can be a far more enjoyable experience. Man, there’s some troopers out there. Girls who go through this every single contest season. You have to hand it to them – that’s seriously some hardcore dedication. Hey, if you like it - more power to you. But …

There IS another way.

Comments? Agree? Disagree?

Here’s our latest testimonial:

I would like to thank Erik for providing me with the tools and techniques to achieve the goal of having my pre-baby body back. I was so skeptical about doing any time of diets and my good friend Amy referred me to Erik. To me, my results have been amazing over the short five months. I’m nearly at 30 lbs and I’ve dropped 10 inches off my waist. After my 2nd child I was sure that the clothes I stashed in the back of my closet would never fit again. I have learned that what I eat is a part of my daily routine along with the work outs. What I have learned in the past few months is phenomenal information. It has made me a better person on the inside and out. Thank you to Amy for inspiring me and thank you Erik for providing me with tool to make it possible to achieve my goal!

- Melinda Phelps, Blackfoot, Idaho

1. Trainers that can’t train themselves.

Seriously. You’re a personal trainer, but I never see you train - ever. In fact, even if you did train regularly, I wouldn’t be able to tell. This really, really bugs me about the personal training industry. You’re a personal trainer yet you don’t look like you’ve applied any of your ‘knowledge’ to yourself.

Now I can understand if you have different goals - say for example, you train for strength, or performance in a sport and not for fat loss. Ok, fair enough. Then I hope you’re at least strong and better in your sport because of your training. Or maybe you’re a competitor (or even non-competitor) in your offseason, focusing on putting on some muscle. Fair enough. I’d expect that what you’re doing is getting you results - after all, you’re a “trainer”.

But if you’re instructing/training people who are interested in fat loss … and you don’t know how to get yourself in shape? You shouldn’t be teaching anyone anything. Again, fine if being lean, etc. is not your goal right now, but you should be able to get there when you want to - because you know how, right?

The trainers in my gym - they’re just your regular gym warriors - they’re not training for sport, for strength, etc. They’re ‘bodybuilders’ - you know - wanna get big and ripped? At least I assume that from watching them do the Flex magazine workouts. And yet … it doesn’t seem to be working.

Just because you have a certification, doesn’t mean you’re a trainer. We all have certifications. You know what I learned in mine? Not much, and nothing that changed my methods. I learned more from reading what other more experienced and smarter people are saying and doing. Certifications offer ‘perceived credibility’. Great trainers are built from a life of self learning, open mindedness and experience. And that should include being able to get a dedicated result in YOURSELF too.

2. “It’s all you!”

No it’s not. Seriously. It’s not. If you’re getting a spot for something (why I have no idea), and your spotter says, with his hands on the bar, “IT’S ALL YOU”, or tells you “nah man, it was all you”, you can be sure that it was not all you. Do your own reps already.

3. Upper Bodybuilders

Train your legs for crying out loud! Yes, it looks like you’ve had some success with your upper body, but geez man, you have absolutely no leg development, no glute development, no nothing. How many times can you train arms?

I think I am one of only a handful of people in my gym that train legs regularly - and hard. At the other end of the spectrum you have the guys - who when asked why they don’t train legs - say something like

“I do a few sets of leg extensions and leg curls each week. I don’t want my legs to get too big’”

Yes because it’s just that easy to get legs that are too big.

“I run”

Ok … is there a second part to that sentence?

“I play soccer”

That’s nice. We’re talking about leg training.

There’s not much more satisfying in the gym than a tough leg workout - some heavy FULL squats (not those shallow knee bends 9 out of every 10th person does … on the Smith machine), some heavy deads. This is the fun stuff. Or maybe I’m just twisted.

Got any of your own?

1. Here’s a good one for ya:

Talked with trainer by text yesterday and he called me this morning to see how i was holding up. My diet changed as of today and he told me i MUST get the 2 hours of cardio in … in addition, I have 15 minutes of step-ups … to work the booty

Where to begin?

Do you realize my keyboard has dents from typing about these subjects?

15 minutes of step ups to work the booty? Who is this trainer? They belong in another industry. So what is the 15 minutes of step ups going to do to ‘the booty’? Is it spot reduction cardio? Sure, of course that works. Muscles grow or they shrink. Or I guess a third option is they stay the same. I’ll assume that since this person is dieting (the 2 hours of cardio per day gives it away), that the step ups are not being done to ‘build the booty’. So I take that’s to mean they’re being done to strip off booty fat? If someone ever tells you to do this - you need to immediately start laughing hysterically at them. And then call them an idiot.

2. How about this one?

I recently started talking to a girl I went to high school with me and she has hired a trainer for the first time to do a figure competition (she’s done a few in the past apparently). She tried to “give me some pointers” from her trainer (mind you I never asked, she just offered because I’m a “newbie”). She thinks her trainer is awesome because he “really gets into her muscles” by having her do bodyweight lunges for about an hour. No joke. And SS cardio not to be done above 60% max HR. MAN I am SOOO glad I am working with you Erik.

Ok, you thought the first one was bad - and she was only doing 15 minutes of step ups. This poor girl is getting AN HOUR of lunges. You know, to get really deep into those muscles. Can these trainers even keep a straight face when they say this? Let’s not forget - how incredibly boring would 60 minutes of alternating lunges be?

Oh and don’t go past 60% MHR - because if you do, you’ll burn NO FAT. Let’s bow down to the fat-burning zone. Oh wait, one more thing - make sure it’s done fasted too.

3. This comes from the same source as the last point.

The same girl I talked about in my last biweekly gave me a few more pearls of wisdom the other day. First, her diet sucks. She gets like 1 tbsp of peanut butter, and lean steak every third day, but has to eat egg whites/chix/veggies/oatmeal for the rest of her diet. Poor girl also has no salt, dairy, fruit. She told me to watch the fruit and yogurt because “They have a lot of sugars in them that will keep you from getting the leanest you can.” Oh and no surprise she has 2x day cardio.

Awesome! She gets four different foods on her diet. FOUR!! Does anyone want to bet what’s going to happen the day after the contest? FOUR FOODS!!

Oh no! Fruit keeps you fat! Yeah, it’s the fruit that keeps people from getting lean. How much fruit would you have to eat for that to happen? Sure, a piece or two of fruit is going to be the one thing that keeps you from the stage. Does this even sound logical?

Got any more for me? Let me hear it in the comments.

Today I’ve got a very insightful and thoughtful guest blog from National NPC figure competitor, Jennie Hamilton (who’s own personal blog you can find here - Eternal Health Naturally)

Diet-for-Thought

Albert Einstein once said “The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results”.

It’s quite obvious to me that our culture remains obsessed with dieting. I’m not talking balanced, long- term minded dieting but rather dieting beyond reason, becoming slaves to restriction, false control and the gratification seeing the scale move in a downward spiral brings. Along with this comes a whirlwind of hormonal fluctuations, starvation, and deprivation not just from food but from family and friends and let’s not forget the ridiculous amounts of exercise. Why do people do this? Are they gluttons for self punishment? Is this truly the only way? Perhaps it’s the only way they know how.

There is a false sense of control that comes with severe dieting. I think that’s what appeals, at least temporarily, to the vast majority of extreme dieters -the feeling of conquering the painful hunger, being able to say no to temptation and running on such low energy. It makes one feel powerful, like a false strong will. But where do these people end up once the scale stops dropping or they have reached their short-term diet goal? Short-term goals in essence are great but what matters most is how one reaches the goal and then the steps they embark on after the goal is met. Time after time the dieter finds themselves back where they began. Yet another short term goal upon them that they once fulfilled. It worked once, they do it again. The ever popular yo-yo diet enslavement continues because they know no other way.

Is there another way? Are people afraid of long-term maintainable goals? Where does this fear of being incapable of embarking on a lifelong change come from? Change, that’s what is needed. Change. Not small short-term change but rather a change of heart and purpose. It seems today there is an epidemic not only of obesity but commitment-phobia. People fall to the seduction of quick-fix, now now now, dieting propaganda that the media tries to lure us with.

I have watched endless times people “live it up” after the diet is over. After that short term goal is reached. They are not only of the physical and mental deprivation but the deep dark knowing that again they will face the same grueling challenge in the future again. The evil neurotic diet will return. They swing the pendulum from one extreme to the other. Where has the balance gone? What about the negative effects this has on our bodies and overall health? At what expense?

How does all this nonsense stop? Well as it’s said “a little common sense goes a long way”. Obviously extreme doesn’t work. Committing to a more practical long-term way of sensible, healthy eating and exercise does. Do you really want to change? Commitment is a scary thing - it’s as though people fear they’ll lose the control they once had. Remember, it’s false control. The reverse is true; you gain control of your health. Go ahead, dig your feet in and give yourself a break from this destructive bondage. Embrace the fact that it won’t always be easy but was the previous diet easy? The reward of a long-term goal is incomparable to that of the endless rollercoasters of dieting. You sprinted. Now it is time to face a marathon. It’s going to take some time but once you sign up, make the commitment and begin - there is no turning back.

You can make it happen. You have to let go of past dieting failures, and concentrate on the better way, the healthy way. The change of mind, body and attitude will evolve. You will be set free. My greatest advice is to seek help. When we have support and knowledgeable guidance, the journey somehow becomes enjoyable, doable and lifelong. Having a diet coach changes everything. A great coach goes beyond just basic knowledge and program design. A great coach is a positive mentor and leader who has a great passion for helping others. They never stop learning and evolving as a professional. They serve as a role model in mind, body and action. Erik Ledin is all of that and above. As not only my coach but a great friend, I fully put my trust in him. If you are ready to be set free from the dieting pit you’ve dug yourself in and are eager to know what it is really like to travel the road of lifelong change, then don’t hold yourself back. Come into the light.

- Jennifer Hamilton

Received a nice testimonial from a long-term client today. Ironically, this is the same woman I referred to in Part 4 of my bulking series, highlighting her recomposition.

I worked with Erik Ledin for a little over a year. I made the decision to hire him when I finally reached a point of frustration where I was just miserable. I thought that I was doing everything right. I thought that I was choosing the right foods, and I thought my training was dead on. I would look in the mirror and think “why don’t I look the way that I should?” I felt like I should have the body I wanted because I was working so hard at it. It wasn’t until I was a few weeks into my plan with Erik that I realized that what I had been doing was overtraining my body, and I wasn’t as careful with my my food as I should have been. In fact, I didn’t even own a food scale until I hired him.

- Jennifer Meyer, Colorado Springs, CO

Ok, so we’ve established answers to the following questions in the first three parts of this series so far:

1. Would I have to do a bulk?

2. How long would I bulk for?

Alright, how about some practical steps? We’re not going to get into the training aspect of this right now as it’s a rather varied topic, so we’ll just keep the focus on nutrition - which really is what will be the final determinant of gains. By that I mean, I don’t care how hard you’re training, if you’re not eating enough to support muscle growth, you’re not going to be gaining size. Period. (exception to the rule - newbies and those new to ‘effective training’)

To go back to another point made in one of the previous posts - expect to gain at least some bodyfat. If you expect to stay lean, expect to stay the same. I’ll give you a few case examples:

1. I was emailing back and forth with a client prospect who has been solely focused on muscle gain for many, many months. She works with another trainer. In our communications, she ended up sending me her pre- and current ‘bulking’ pictures for review. First thing I noticed? Nothing. Literally, I couldn’t tell a difference at all. I asked her what the difference in weight was. The answer? One pound. I believe this was over the course of about nine months. ONE POUND. Now, it’d be great if there was some massive recompositioning here but there wasn’t - no visible changes. I questioned her on this and she said her trainer wants to her stay lean while gaining size.

The results show how effective that strategy is.

2. A client of my own who I worked with for a little over a year. We did a few cut/bulk cycles and yes she gained some body fat during the bulks. But she had a great mindset for all of it (vital necessity in my opinion) and had the big picture in front of her the whole time. The numbers will make my point for me.

November 19/07
Weight - 110 lbs
Waist - 30 1/4
Hips - 33 3/4
Thighs - 17
Chest - 31 1/2
Arms - 9 1/2
Calf - 10 1/2

Contrast that to her final biweekly:

September 16/08
Weight - 109.4 lbs
Waist - 24 1/4
Hips - 33 1/4
Thighs - 17 3/4
Chest - 32 1/4
Arms - 10
Calf - 11

The most glaring point there is that she weighs basically the same as her starting weight - but her waist is 6 inches smaller. Now that’s a recomp.

A successful bulk is obviously determined by the results gained - hopefully you’ve added some muscle and not too much fat. It’s fine to gain, gain, gain, but if you end up the same bodyweight and the same bodyfat - basically you look the same as you did pre-bulk - it doesn’t seem like you did very well. Now if you end up the same bodyweight, but you’re even leaner (see Case #2 above) then you definitely had a successful run. Gaining 20lbs only to lose 20lbs and look no different - that’s not a good bulk.

How much do I need to eat?

Enough!

You need to definitely have more energy coming in than going out. Again, insufficient food intake = no gains. Look around the gym - most people there are trying to gain some muscle, get stronger, etc. Are they? They appear to be working pretty hard and yet, a year from now, chances are they’ll look no different. Something isn’t working. Could it be what they’re doing/eating outside of the gym? Could it be that they train hard for 45 minutes (trying to bulld muscle?) and then they hop on the elliptical for 30 minutes PWO (trying to get the cuts?). It doesn’t work.

So how much food? I generally recommend that you start at an assumed maintenance intake. I say assumed because all of the predictive equations are just estimates. They’re not going to necessarily be 100% accurate, but it’s a starting place for us. If you’re not coming off a hard diet, around 15x total bodyweight is a good ball part. Pay attention to results though - if you’re gaining (beyond water and glycogen) then clearly this is not maintenance. If you’re coming off a hard diet, start a bit lower as metaoblism will be slightly depressed. Stay there for two weeks and reassess. Did the scale go up? Go down? Stay the same? Adjust accordingly. Assuming you were at maintenance, start adding calories. Again, we’re trying to avoid getting too sloppy so take it easy and just systematically raise them. Start at 10% above maintenance, stay there for a bit, and reassess. What’s happening? Nothing? Add another 10%. You basically continue to add calories until you start to see an upward trend on the scale, but not so quickly upward that it’s clear (in the context of expected rates of muscle gain) that you’re gaining too much fat per given pound of weight gain. If you are gaining too much fat, scale the calories back a bit. It’s all about a simple outcome based approach. Base your adjustments on your results.

I’ll touch on macros next time.

I could probably write page after page on this one, but for the time being, I’ll keep it brief.

1. Here’s something someone said in the context of figure competitors:

NO squats. NONE. Figure girls have no business squatting for the most point- so says Charles Glass who is notorious for his knowledge of training. I do sumo squats or plie squats to tighten my inner glute…but NO squats. Makes you blocky and no figure girl wants to be blocky- you want to remain lean and tight.

Do I even need to go any further here? Figure girls have no business squatting? Because Charles Glass says so? Sumo squats and plie squats to tighten the inner glute? The what?

Yes, because squats make you all blocky and no figure girl wants to be blocky. Hmm, then the person goes on to say that a figure girl wants to remain lean and tight. Ok, so I think we can fairly conclude that being lean and tight has something to do with bodyfat right? So if this point is being made as to why one should not be doing squats, does that mean squats make you fat? Even if the claim that squats make you blocky were true, that would imply some kind of undesired muscle gain, no?

The picture above? For those of you who don’t know, that’s Jennie Hamilton. How’s that for blocky? She squats heavy, very heavy.

Ok, nevermind. You get the point - this is retarded advice. I hope this won’t be a revelation for any of you reading this; that you’re nodding your head as you read along.

Nothing builds better (and by better I mean fuller, rounder) glutes than full squats. You want a nicer butt? Start squatting - deep. And NOT on the Smith Machine (which is a post for another day).

2. I saw this on a forum the other day. The discussion was about the competitor’s off season:

Still doing early morning cardio 45 min M-Sat just to keep BF at decent level.

What for? Another ridiculous concept. If you’re doing 45 minutes of cardio in the OFFSEASON, how much cardio do you plan to do when you’re in pre-contest mode?

What’s so offseason about that? That’s still more cardio than I have anyone do when they’re in show prep.

To keep that bodyfat in check? Yeah, because you know, you can gain muscle and with little to no increase in body fat.

It’s fine to do some steady state cardio in the offseason. No problem with that. But keep in mind you still have to be consuming more calories than you’re expending and if you’re doing 5×45 minute cardio sessions per week, that’s just a caloric sink you need to overcome with more food.

I guess if your offseason diet is so high in calories mind you, there’s at least some rationale for doing all the cardio. But why not just eat a normal bulking diet? And not do so much off season cardio. Again, the big thing is - where do you go from there? Right to 60 minutes a day at the start of your prep?

Not to mention the fact that muscle fibers are malleable and adapt to the demands imposed on them. Do enough SS cardio and you might just run the risk of a qualitative fiber-type shift that does nothing good for your physique. The last thing you want, in this context, is muscle fibers taking on a more endurance-based profile.

3. To the Canadians out there, Happy Thanksgiving. Today we had dinner at the inlaws. I had …

Turkey
Mashed Potatoes
Sweet Potatoes
California Salad (sour cream, coconut, tropical fruit cocktail, marshmellows)
Dinner Rolls
Stuffing

Repeat that one more time

Cherry Pie
Pumpkin Pie Cheesecake

Victory!

I have to interrupt the bulking series for a bit of randomness today.

1. There’s a personal trainer at my gym that I would like to fire … and I don’t even work there. In fact, I’d like to fire all of them. Have you ever noticed that very few - if any - clients of the average gym PT ever look any different? Ever? How about the fact that they don’t even look like they train themselves half the time? And to the clients, why don’t they clue in … that it’s not working?

Back to the guy I want to fire. Nice guy I’m sure and he’s got a pretty good physique … from the waist up. You see, I’ve never, ever seen him train legs. Ever. So then, how can a person who doesn’t train legs, teach someone how to squat? I’ll tell you how - they can’t!

Better than that - he has them squatting on the Smith Machine, with the sissy pad. Then he makes them put their feet out in front of them, and he makes very certain that those knees don’t pass the toes - you know, to prevent her patellas from exploding and cracking the mirrors. He’d get fired for that I bet.

But you know, I can almost look past this because hey, it’s really common, sad as it is. But this one girl, she looked like she was folding in half - like a lawn chair, and a cheap one at that. I wish I could put it into words. I might have to get Laura to video tape me in the gym trying to duplicate it. On her descent, she wasn’t just going down, she was practically buckling - at the neck, the lumbar, everything. All the while the PT is watching those knees and saying how good she’s doing. Fired!!!!!

If you can’t squat properly yourself, you can’t teach someone how to squat.

2. Do you ever stop and just watch people in the gym? What the heck? Sometimes you have to wonder what muscles they’re trying to train during some of their lifts. They turn concentration curls into a full body, compound exercise.

People would have far more effective workouts if they stopped and focused on training their muscles, as opposed to just lifting weights. Most of us are not powerlifters so check your ego at the door. We’re concerned with more than just getting the weight up. We’re concerned with development. And to that end, it’s all about rep quality. Make every inch of every rep of every set count. Think of your workouts as contracting your muscles against resistance. Make your reps count.

3. Kipping Pull Ups bug me.

I was going to keep going on my next point - retarded contest prep methods but I’ll save that for the next rant. (but I’m writing it now while I’m in this mood. )

Continuing on with the answers to the following questions …

How long should I bulk?
How long do I have to bulk?

The first ‘it depends’ answer was to counter with the question of how much muscle do you want to gain?

To that we add the following:

2. How much muscle do you gain when eating in a caloric surplus and how much fat you gain when eating in a caloric surplus - or basically your muscle-to-fat-gain ratio. This basically refers to one’s partitioning ability - simply where the extra calories go. Does it wind up in muscle cells or fat cells? Ideally all of it would go to muscle, but sorry, not gonna happen. You might as well accept it now.

Now ideally at least more of the extra calories are partitioned towards muscle than they are towards fat. What affects this? First and foremost, genetics. Some people simply partition more calories towards muscle than others do. The less fortunate partition more calories towards fat cells than they do muscle. So on the one hand you might have someone gaining more muscle for a given weight gain and some gaining more fat than muscle (sucks!) for a given weight gain.

So we have things like the aforementioned genetics, higher-than-normal testosterone levels and other optimally ranged hormones (lower cortisol responses, healthy thyroid levels, etc) as well as good insulin sensitivity in the muscles.

Scientists refer to something called the p-ratio when discussing the partitioning of calories. The p-ratio is again, largely influenced by genetic factors and varies little within a person. Diet, training, etc (basically lifestyle factors) have the potential to influence it about 5-15% - not very much.

So, that tells us there’s not a lot you can do to shift your own innate muscle-to-fat-gain ratio (or even your fat-to-muscle-loss ratio when dieting) beyond the relatively small (yet hardly insignificant) effect nutrition, training (and drugs) has on it.

So we obviously get that diet and training should be on point during a bulk. From a dietary standpoint, you obviously need to be certain you’re eating enough to sustain not only the growth of new muscle tissue but the maintenance of it as well. This is one of the biggest pitfalls of those seeking out more muscle - they don’t eat enough. You can’t build a house out of sweat people. No raw materials? No muscle. Ample caloric intake is the biggest factor to be aware of.

Training of course is important as well, but the supporting growth factors - hormones, caloric intake, etc. - determine how much you can gain and support. Training is just a stimulus. Many think that because they’re training heavy and hard, the muscle is just going to come as a result. Again, it’s just a stimulus - if the supporting growth factors are not there, it’s just not going to happen.

Ok, so this ties into the next point:

3. How much fat are you comfortable gaining? This is going to be determined by one, how much over maintenance you’re eating and two, the aforementioned muscle-to-fat-gain ratio or how well your body partitions extra calories. For those with better partitioning ability, more of their new weight is going to be muscle and less is going to be fat, so they’re probably going to have an easier time of it. For those less fortunate, it’s going to be a different story. They’re going to gain more bodyfat for a given weight gain. How much are you comfortable with gaining? Remember, you’re going to gain some. Expect not to and I guarantee you that you’re going to look exactly the same at the end of your bulk.

These three points are really the determining factors of the length of your bulk - how much muscle do you want/need to gain, how much muscle/fat do you gain when consuming calories in excess of maintenance (a requirement), and how much body fat are you comfortable gaining along the way.

More next time …